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Yi-Ting Shih
2025-04-14 09:02:16 +08:00
commit a7c41e264b
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**/testdisk

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[submodule "docs/template"]
path = docs/template
url = ../typst-template

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[global]
bs=8m
ioengine=libaio
iodepth=64
size=1G
direct=1
stonewall
[ssd-read]
filename=/dev/nvme1n1
rw=read
[ssd-randread]
filename=/dev/nvme1n1
rw=randread
[hdd-read]
filename=/dev/sda
rw=read
[hdd-randread]
filename=/dev/sda
rw=randread

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ssd-read: (g=0): rw=read, bs=(R) 8192KiB-8192KiB, (W) 8192KiB-8192KiB, (T) 8192KiB-8192KiB, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=64
ssd-randread: (g=1): rw=randread, bs=(R) 8192KiB-8192KiB, (W) 8192KiB-8192KiB, (T) 8192KiB-8192KiB, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=64
hdd-read: (g=2): rw=read, bs=(R) 8192KiB-8192KiB, (W) 8192KiB-8192KiB, (T) 8192KiB-8192KiB, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=64
hdd-randread: (g=3): rw=randread, bs=(R) 8192KiB-8192KiB, (W) 8192KiB-8192KiB, (T) 8192KiB-8192KiB, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=64
fio-3.39
Starting 4 processes
ssd-read: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=314662: Mon Apr 14 08:43:57 2025
read: IOPS=412, BW=3303MiB/s (3464MB/s)(1024MiB/310msec)
slat (usec): min=46, max=7314, avg=1366.16, stdev=1757.98
clat (msec): min=14, max=255, avg=140.27, stdev=65.17
lat (msec): min=14, max=257, avg=141.63, stdev=65.69
clat percentiles (msec):
| 1.00th=[ 17], 5.00th=[ 44], 10.00th=[ 80], 20.00th=[ 85],
| 30.00th=[ 89], 40.00th=[ 94], 50.00th=[ 110], 60.00th=[ 167],
| 70.00th=[ 207], 80.00th=[ 209], 90.00th=[ 226], 95.00th=[ 241],
| 99.00th=[ 253], 99.50th=[ 255], 99.90th=[ 255], 99.95th=[ 255],
| 99.99th=[ 255]
lat (msec) : 20=1.56%, 50=6.25%, 100=36.72%, 250=53.12%, 500=2.34%
cpu : usr=0.00%, sys=10.36%, ctx=176, majf=0, minf=775
IO depths : 1=0.8%, 2=1.6%, 4=3.1%, 8=6.2%, 16=12.5%, 32=25.0%, >=64=50.8%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=98.5%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=1.5%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=128,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=64
ssd-randread: (groupid=1, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=314663: Mon Apr 14 08:43:57 2025
read: IOPS=415, BW=3325MiB/s (3486MB/s)(1024MiB/308msec)
slat (usec): min=44, max=7084, avg=1425.85, stdev=1528.22
clat (msec): min=12, max=236, avg=139.74, stdev=49.47
lat (msec): min=12, max=238, avg=141.17, stdev=49.75
clat percentiles (msec):
| 1.00th=[ 26], 5.00th=[ 79], 10.00th=[ 84], 20.00th=[ 96],
| 30.00th=[ 108], 40.00th=[ 118], 50.00th=[ 123], 60.00th=[ 176],
| 70.00th=[ 176], 80.00th=[ 178], 90.00th=[ 207], 95.00th=[ 222],
| 99.00th=[ 234], 99.50th=[ 236], 99.90th=[ 236], 99.95th=[ 236],
| 99.99th=[ 236]
lat (msec) : 20=0.78%, 50=2.34%, 100=21.09%, 250=75.78%
cpu : usr=0.00%, sys=9.45%, ctx=222, majf=0, minf=265
IO depths : 1=0.8%, 2=1.6%, 4=3.1%, 8=6.2%, 16=12.5%, 32=25.0%, >=64=50.8%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=98.5%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=1.5%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=128,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=64
hdd-read: (groupid=2, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=314664: Mon Apr 14 08:43:57 2025
read: IOPS=20, BW=167MiB/s (175MB/s)(1024MiB/6140msec)
slat (usec): min=342, max=528428, avg=44674.51, stdev=44631.06
clat (msec): min=419, max=3260, avg=2302.17, stdev=775.39
lat (msec): min=466, max=3304, avg=2346.84, stdev=776.16
clat percentiles (msec):
| 1.00th=[ 468], 5.00th=[ 684], 10.00th=[ 936], 20.00th=[ 1485],
| 30.00th=[ 2072], 40.00th=[ 2668], 50.00th=[ 2769], 60.00th=[ 2769],
| 70.00th=[ 2769], 80.00th=[ 2802], 90.00th=[ 2970], 95.00th=[ 3071],
| 99.00th=[ 3205], 99.50th=[ 3272], 99.90th=[ 3272], 99.95th=[ 3272],
| 99.99th=[ 3272]
bw ( KiB/s): min=114688, max=1048576, per=100.00%, avg=299644.71, stdev=331555.65, samples=7
iops : min= 14, max= 128, avg=36.57, stdev=40.48, samples=7
lat (msec) : 500=1.56%, 750=4.69%, 1000=4.69%, 2000=17.97%, >=2000=71.09%
cpu : usr=0.00%, sys=0.52%, ctx=837, majf=0, minf=265
IO depths : 1=0.8%, 2=1.6%, 4=3.1%, 8=6.2%, 16=12.5%, 32=25.0%, >=64=50.8%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=98.5%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=1.5%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=128,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=64
hdd-randread: (groupid=3, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=314666: Mon Apr 14 08:43:57 2025
read: IOPS=20, BW=161MiB/s (169MB/s)(1024MiB/6366msec)
slat (usec): min=358, max=108902, avg=46194.96, stdev=14404.86
clat (msec): min=451, max=3702, avg=2565.65, stdev=871.70
lat (msec): min=494, max=3754, avg=2611.84, stdev=870.24
clat percentiles (msec):
| 1.00th=[ 493], 5.00th=[ 735], 10.00th=[ 1036], 20.00th=[ 1687],
| 30.00th=[ 2366], 40.00th=[ 2836], 50.00th=[ 2937], 60.00th=[ 3004],
| 70.00th=[ 3104], 80.00th=[ 3239], 90.00th=[ 3373], 95.00th=[ 3473],
| 99.00th=[ 3675], 99.50th=[ 3708], 99.90th=[ 3708], 99.95th=[ 3708],
| 99.99th=[ 3708]
bw ( KiB/s): min=114688, max=163840, per=92.36%, avg=152137.14, stdev=18230.43, samples=7
iops : min= 14, max= 20, avg=18.57, stdev= 2.23, samples=7
lat (msec) : 500=1.56%, 750=3.91%, 1000=3.91%, 2000=15.62%, >=2000=75.00%
cpu : usr=0.02%, sys=0.49%, ctx=835, majf=0, minf=264
IO depths : 1=0.8%, 2=1.6%, 4=3.1%, 8=6.2%, 16=12.5%, 32=25.0%, >=64=50.8%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=98.5%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=1.5%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=128,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=64
Run status group 0 (all jobs):
READ: bw=3303MiB/s (3464MB/s), 3303MiB/s-3303MiB/s (3464MB/s-3464MB/s), io=1024MiB (1074MB), run=310-310msec
Run status group 1 (all jobs):
READ: bw=3325MiB/s (3486MB/s), 3325MiB/s-3325MiB/s (3486MB/s-3486MB/s), io=1024MiB (1074MB), run=308-308msec
Run status group 2 (all jobs):
READ: bw=167MiB/s (175MB/s), 167MiB/s-167MiB/s (175MB/s-175MB/s), io=1024MiB (1074MB), run=6140-6140msec
Run status group 3 (all jobs):
READ: bw=161MiB/s (169MB/s), 161MiB/s-161MiB/s (169MB/s-169MB/s), io=1024MiB (1074MB), run=6366-6366msec
Disk stats (read/write):
nvme1n1: ios=8036/19, sectors=4114432/504, merge=0/1, ticks=658566/8, in_queue=658578, util=61.58%
sda: ios=1781/0, sectors=4169216/0, merge=0/0, ticks=767527/0, in_queue=767527, util=97.16%

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archlinux:
type: Web
title: ArchLinux, a simple, lightweight distribution
url: https://archlinux.org/
btrfs:
type: Web
title: Btrfs, a modern copy on write filesystem for Linux
url: https://btrfs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
ct1000p3pssd8:
type: Web
title: Crucial P3 Plus 1TB PCIe M.2 2280 SSD
url: https://www.crucial.tw/ssd/p3-plus/ct1000p3pssd8
wd10ezex:
type: Web
title: WD Blue PC Desktop Hard Drive - 1TB
url: https://www.westerndigital.com/products/internal-drives/wd-blue-desktop-sata-hdd?sku=WD10EZEX
tufh470:
type: Web
title: TUF Gaming H470 Pro WiFi Motherboard
url: https://www.asus.com/tw/motherboards-components/motherboards/tuf-gaming/tuf-gaming-h470-pro-wi-fi/techspec/

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#import "template/styles.typ": document
#show: document.with(
title: "Memory and Storage System - HW1 FIO",
authors: ((
name: "Yi-Ting Shih (111550013)",
affiliation: "National Yang Ming Chaio Tung University",
email: "ytshih@cs.nycu.edu.tw",
),),
)
= Specifications
All the read operations except bonus are tested on ssd. \
Model: Micron CT1000P3PSSD8@ct1000p3pssd8 (Crucial P3 Plus)
All the write operations are tested on disk files, which are in a RAID 1
btrfs@btrfs filesystem.
The tested operating system was Arch Linux@archlinux, which was running Linux
kernel 6.14.2.arch1-1.
= Questions
== Q0. Example
=== Result
#raw(read("code/q0.output"))
== Q1. Read vs. Randread
=== Result
#raw(read("code/q1.output"))
=== Question
Is there any significant difference between read and randread? Why or why not?
Please justify your answer in brief.
=== Answer
_read_ is significantly faster than _randread_.
The SSD controller might be optimized for sequential access, such as leveraging
internal parallelism more effectively, or have lower command overheader perunit
of data for sequential reads.
== Q2. Write vs. Randwrite
=== Result
#raw(read("code/q2.output"))
=== Question
Is there any significant difference between write and randwrite? Why or why not?
Please justify your answer in brief.
=== Answer
There is no significant difference between _write_ and _randwrite_.
The SSD controller will go through the page / block translation process no
matter there is write or random write access. Therefore there is no significant
difference.
Also, I use disk file to test the write operation, which is on a btrfs
filesystem. There are cache on btrfs@btrfs or page cache so the data might not
be actually write to the SSD.
== Q3. Forward write vs. Backward write
=== Result
#raw(read("code/q3.output"))
=== Question
Is there any significant difference between forward and backward write? Why or
why not? Please justify your answer in brief.
=== Answer
There is no significant difference between _forward write_ and _backward write_.
The reason is same as the previous question.
== Q4. Buffered read vs. Nonbuffered read
=== Result
#raw(read("code/q4.output"))
=== Question
+ Is there any significant difference between buffered and nonbuffered
sequential read? Why or why not? Please justify your answer in brief.
+ Replace sequential read with random read. Is there any significant difference
between buffered and nonbuffered random read? Why or why not? Please justify
your answer in brief.
=== Answer
- _buffered sequential read_ is significantly faster than _non-buffered
sequential read_.
- There is no significant difference between _buffered random read_ and
_non-buffered random read_.
The data can be buffered by _read-ahead_ for sequential read operation. This
cannot be done for random read operation, because the next read operation
cannot be predicted.
== Q5. LBA
=== Result
#raw(read("code/q5.output"))
=== Question
Is there any bandwidth trend between these jobs? Why or why not? Please justify
your answer in brief. You can also experiment with the size of the file.
=== Answer
The job where `offset=80%` is faster than `offset=60%`, and `offset=60%` is
faster than the rest of the jobs.
The identified response presents an analysis of experimental results; the
underlying theoretical framework remains unclear, necessitating further
investigation.
== Q6. Blocksize
=== Result
#raw(read("code/q6.output"))
=== Question
+ Is there any significant difference between 4k and 1k read? Why or why not?
Please justify your answer in brief.
+ If you want to achieve the best performance in the condition above, how would
you modify `blocksize`? Explain it briefly.
=== Answer
- _4k read_ is significantly faster than _1k read_ in terms of bandwidth and
latency.
- The bandwidth can be increased by changing `blocksize` to up to `8m`.
Larger `blocksize` might be useful when doing large sequential read.
== Q7. Fastest nonbuffered read
=== Result
#raw(read("code/q7.output"))
=== Question
Please explain how you achieve the fastest 1G nonbuffered read in brief.
=== Answer
According to the result in the previous questions, namely, Q5 and Q6, the
fastest non-buffered read happens when `offset=80%` and `blocksize=8m`.
Furthermore, I have tested the difference between `ioengine=psync`, which is
the default for fio, and `ioengine=libaio`, which is Linux native asynchoronous
I/O. The result shows that `ioengine=libaio` is better in terms of bandwidth.
For asynchoronous I/O, I also tested the impact of the `iodepth`. The result
showes that `iodepth=64` will reach the peak bandwidth.
Therefore, the fastest non-buffered 1G read should be the combination of
`offset=80%`, `blocksize=8m`, `ioengine=libaio`, and `iodepth=64`.
== Bonus
=== Result
#raw(read("code/bonus.output"))
=== Question
+ Compare with multiple kinds of storage devices. \
Is there any significant difference between read/randread on storage devices?
Why or why not? Please justify your answer in brief.
+ Find the specs of your own hardware that you tested on. \
Is your hardware running to spec? If not, could you come up with a possible
theory?
=== Answer
This experiment include two storage devices, Crucial P3 Plus M.2
SSD@ct1000p3pssd8 (Disk 1) and WD Blue HDD@wd10ezex (Disk 2). The hardware
sequential read rate for Disk 1 is 5000MB/s. And the hardware transfer rate for
Disk 2 is up to 150MB/s.
The result for the experiment shows that
+ Disk 1 (SSD) is significantly faster than Disk 2 (HDD).
+ Disk 1 is quite a bit slower than the hardware spec (about 3400MB/s).
+ Disk 2 is faster than the hardware spec (about 170MB/s).
The reason for the underperformance of Disk 1 might be
- I'm using Disk 1 to run my OS at the same time, which interferes the result.
- Disk 1 had been used for over 4 years and had used up 50% of the capacity.
In constract, Disk 2 was seldom used and didn't used up any of the capacity.
#bibliography("bibliography.yml")

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docs/template Submodule

Submodule docs/template added at bc97b8bb81

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{
"nodes": {
"nixpkgs": {
"locked": {
"lastModified": 1744232761,
"narHash": "sha256-gbl9hE39nQRpZaLjhWKmEu5ejtQsgI5TWYrIVVJn30U=",
"owner": "NixOS",
"repo": "nixpkgs",
"rev": "f675531bc7e6657c10a18b565cfebd8aa9e24c14",
"type": "github"
},
"original": {
"owner": "NixOS",
"ref": "nixos-unstable",
"repo": "nixpkgs",
"type": "github"
}
},
"root": {
"inputs": {
"nixpkgs": "nixpkgs"
}
}
},
"root": "root",
"version": 7
}

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{
description = "Nix flake for running fio (Flexible I/O Tester)";
inputs = {
nixpkgs.url = "github:NixOS/nixpkgs/nixos-unstable";
};
outputs = { self, nixpkgs, ... }:
let
system = "x86_64-linux";
pkgs = import nixpkgs {
inherit system;
config.allowUnfree = true;
};
in
{
devShells.${system}.default = pkgs.mkShell {
packages = with pkgs; [
fish
pkgs.fio
];
shellHook = ''
exec fish
'';
};
};
}

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[global]
filename=/dev/nvme1n1
bs=4K
size=1g
direct=1
[job1]
rw=read

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job1: (g=0): rw=read, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=psync, iodepth=1
fio-3.39
Starting 1 process
job1: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=22642: Sat Apr 12 19:28:44 2025
read: IOPS=60.8k, BW=238MiB/s (249MB/s)(1024MiB/4311msec)
clat (usec): min=9, max=2086, avg=16.20, stdev= 9.84
lat (usec): min=9, max=2087, avg=16.23, stdev= 9.84
clat percentiles (nsec):
| 1.00th=[11712], 5.00th=[11840], 10.00th=[12096], 20.00th=[12224],
| 30.00th=[12352], 40.00th=[12352], 50.00th=[12480], 60.00th=[12736],
| 70.00th=[13504], 80.00th=[14912], 90.00th=[25728], 95.00th=[36608],
| 99.00th=[48896], 99.50th=[64256], 99.90th=[71168], 99.95th=[71168],
| 99.99th=[88576]
bw ( KiB/s): min=210008, max=250232, per=99.85%, avg=242862.00, stdev=13417.57, samples=8
iops : min=52502, max=62558, avg=60715.50, stdev=3354.39, samples=8
lat (usec) : 10=0.03%, 20=81.94%, 50=17.13%, 100=0.90%, 250=0.01%
lat (usec) : 500=0.01%, 750=0.01%
lat (msec) : 4=0.01%
cpu : usr=2.39%, sys=7.68%, ctx=262148, majf=0, minf=9
IO depths : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=262144,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1
Run status group 0 (all jobs):
READ: bw=238MiB/s (249MB/s), 238MiB/s-238MiB/s (249MB/s-249MB/s), io=1024MiB (1074MB), run=4311-4311msec
Disk stats (read/write):
nvme1n1: ios=251884/14, sectors=2015072/536, merge=0/0, ticks=3534/6, in_queue=3543, util=81.46%

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[global]
filename=/dev/nvme1n1
bs=4k
size=64m
direct=1
stonewall
[read]
rw=read
[randread]
rw=randread

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read: (g=0): rw=read, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=psync, iodepth=1
randread: (g=1): rw=randread, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=psync, iodepth=1
fio-3.39
Starting 2 processes
read: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=23955: Sat Apr 12 19:36:41 2025
read: IOPS=62.1k, BW=242MiB/s (254MB/s)(64.0MiB/264msec)
clat (usec): min=10, max=913, avg=15.86, stdev=11.07
lat (usec): min=10, max=913, avg=15.89, stdev=11.07
clat percentiles (nsec):
| 1.00th=[10176], 5.00th=[11840], 10.00th=[12096], 20.00th=[12224],
| 30.00th=[12224], 40.00th=[12224], 50.00th=[12352], 60.00th=[12480],
| 70.00th=[12992], 80.00th=[14016], 90.00th=[25472], 95.00th=[37632],
| 99.00th=[48896], 99.50th=[51456], 99.90th=[65280], 99.95th=[69120],
| 99.99th=[93696]
lat (usec) : 20=83.84%, 50=15.50%, 100=0.66%, 1000=0.01%
cpu : usr=3.42%, sys=6.84%, ctx=16384, majf=0, minf=9
IO depths : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=16384,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1
randread: (groupid=1, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=23956: Sat Apr 12 19:36:41 2025
read: IOPS=15.4k, BW=60.0MiB/s (62.9MB/s)(64.0MiB/1067msec)
clat (usec): min=10, max=2157, avg=64.80, stdev=22.68
lat (usec): min=10, max=2157, avg=64.83, stdev=22.68
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 11], 5.00th=[ 63], 10.00th=[ 65], 20.00th=[ 65],
| 30.00th=[ 65], 40.00th=[ 65], 50.00th=[ 65], 60.00th=[ 65],
| 70.00th=[ 70], 80.00th=[ 71], 90.00th=[ 72], 95.00th=[ 72],
| 99.00th=[ 73], 99.50th=[ 75], 99.90th=[ 113], 99.95th=[ 165],
| 99.99th=[ 914]
bw ( KiB/s): min=61312, max=61784, per=100.00%, avg=61548.00, stdev=333.75, samples=2
iops : min=15328, max=15446, avg=15387.00, stdev=83.44, samples=2
lat (usec) : 20=4.03%, 100=95.65%, 250=0.27%, 500=0.02%, 1000=0.01%
lat (msec) : 4=0.01%
cpu : usr=0.66%, sys=2.06%, ctx=16390, majf=0, minf=8
IO depths : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=16384,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1
Run status group 0 (all jobs):
READ: bw=242MiB/s (254MB/s), 242MiB/s-242MiB/s (254MB/s-254MB/s), io=64.0MiB (67.1MB), run=264-264msec
Run status group 1 (all jobs):
READ: bw=60.0MiB/s (62.9MB/s), 60.0MiB/s-60.0MiB/s (62.9MB/s-62.9MB/s), io=64.0MiB (67.1MB), run=1067-1067msec
Disk stats (read/write):
nvme1n1: ios=30190/5, sectors=241528/376, merge=0/0, ticks=1083/69, in_queue=1153, util=72.01%

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[global]
filename=testdisk
bs=4k
size=64m
direct=1
stonewall
[write]
rw=write
[randwrite]
rw=randwrite

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write: (g=0): rw=write, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=psync, iodepth=1
randwrite: (g=1): rw=randwrite, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=psync, iodepth=1
fio-3.39
Starting 2 processes
write: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=12418: Sat Apr 12 18:34:15 2025
write: IOPS=33.1k, BW=129MiB/s (136MB/s)(64.0MiB/495msec); 0 zone resets
clat (usec): min=18, max=2971, avg=29.41, stdev=26.49
lat (usec): min=19, max=2972, avg=29.55, stdev=26.49
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 24], 5.00th=[ 26], 10.00th=[ 26], 20.00th=[ 27],
| 30.00th=[ 27], 40.00th=[ 28], 50.00th=[ 28], 60.00th=[ 28],
| 70.00th=[ 29], 80.00th=[ 31], 90.00th=[ 32], 95.00th=[ 32],
| 99.00th=[ 118], 99.50th=[ 131], 99.90th=[ 208], 99.95th=[ 225],
| 99.99th=[ 619]
lat (usec) : 20=0.01%, 50=98.83%, 100=0.10%, 250=1.01%, 500=0.03%
lat (usec) : 750=0.01%
lat (msec) : 4=0.01%
cpu : usr=3.04%, sys=36.44%, ctx=37026, majf=0, minf=6
IO depths : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=0,16384,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1
randwrite: (groupid=1, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=12423: Sat Apr 12 18:34:15 2025
write: IOPS=39.7k, BW=155MiB/s (162MB/s)(64.0MiB/413msec); 0 zone resets
clat (usec): min=16, max=33415, avg=24.41, stdev=261.81
lat (usec): min=16, max=33415, avg=24.53, stdev=261.81
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 18], 5.00th=[ 22], 10.00th=[ 22], 20.00th=[ 23],
| 30.00th=[ 23], 40.00th=[ 23], 50.00th=[ 23], 60.00th=[ 23],
| 70.00th=[ 23], 80.00th=[ 23], 90.00th=[ 23], 95.00th=[ 23],
| 99.00th=[ 25], 99.50th=[ 25], 99.90th=[ 28], 99.95th=[ 31],
| 99.99th=[ 2835]
lat (usec) : 20=3.01%, 50=96.97%, 250=0.01%
lat (msec) : 4=0.01%, 50=0.01%
cpu : usr=4.13%, sys=31.55%, ctx=16389, majf=0, minf=7
IO depths : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=0,16384,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1
Run status group 0 (all jobs):
WRITE: bw=129MiB/s (136MB/s), 129MiB/s-129MiB/s (136MB/s-136MB/s), io=64.0MiB (67.1MB), run=495-495msec
Run status group 1 (all jobs):
WRITE: bw=155MiB/s (162MB/s), 155MiB/s-155MiB/s (162MB/s-162MB/s), io=64.0MiB (67.1MB), run=413-413msec

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[global]
filename=testdisk
bs=4k
size=64m
direct=1
stonewall
[forward]
rw=write
[backward]
rw=write:-8k

46
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forward: (g=0): rw=write, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=psync, iodepth=1
backward: (g=1): rw=write, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=psync, iodepth=1
fio-3.39
Starting 2 processes
forward: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=12464: Sat Apr 12 18:34:17 2025
write: IOPS=42.8k, BW=167MiB/s (175MB/s)(64.0MiB/383msec); 0 zone resets
clat (usec): min=15, max=2975, avg=22.54, stdev=23.29
lat (usec): min=16, max=2976, avg=22.71, stdev=23.30
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 17], 5.00th=[ 18], 10.00th=[ 22], 20.00th=[ 23],
| 30.00th=[ 23], 40.00th=[ 23], 50.00th=[ 23], 60.00th=[ 23],
| 70.00th=[ 23], 80.00th=[ 23], 90.00th=[ 24], 95.00th=[ 24],
| 99.00th=[ 28], 99.50th=[ 37], 99.90th=[ 48], 99.95th=[ 58],
| 99.99th=[ 322]
lat (usec) : 20=5.47%, 50=94.43%, 100=0.08%, 500=0.01%
lat (msec) : 4=0.01%
cpu : usr=4.19%, sys=31.41%, ctx=16387, majf=0, minf=6
IO depths : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=0,16384,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1
backward: (groupid=1, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=12474: Sat Apr 12 18:34:17 2025
write: IOPS=41.6k, BW=162MiB/s (170MB/s)(64.0MiB/394msec); 0 zone resets
clat (usec): min=15, max=726, avg=23.17, stdev=10.51
lat (usec): min=15, max=727, avg=23.34, stdev=10.51
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 17], 5.00th=[ 22], 10.00th=[ 22], 20.00th=[ 23],
| 30.00th=[ 23], 40.00th=[ 23], 50.00th=[ 23], 60.00th=[ 23],
| 70.00th=[ 23], 80.00th=[ 24], 90.00th=[ 26], 95.00th=[ 26],
| 99.00th=[ 38], 99.50th=[ 41], 99.90th=[ 59], 99.95th=[ 85],
| 99.99th=[ 693]
lat (usec) : 20=4.46%, 50=95.36%, 100=0.14%, 250=0.02%, 750=0.02%
cpu : usr=4.33%, sys=32.82%, ctx=16389, majf=0, minf=7
IO depths : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=0,16384,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1
Run status group 0 (all jobs):
WRITE: bw=167MiB/s (175MB/s), 167MiB/s-167MiB/s (175MB/s-175MB/s), io=64.0MiB (67.1MB), run=383-383msec
Run status group 1 (all jobs):
WRITE: bw=162MiB/s (170MB/s), 162MiB/s-162MiB/s (170MB/s-170MB/s), io=64.0MiB (67.1MB), run=394-394msec

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[global]
filename=/dev/nvme1n1
bs=4k
size=64m
stonewall
[sequential_buffered]
buffered=1
rw=read
[sequential_nonbuffered]
buffered=0
rw=read
[rand_buffered]
buffered=1
rw=randread
[rand_nonbuffered]
buffered=0
rw=randread

97
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sequential_buffered: (g=0): rw=read, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=psync, iodepth=1
sequential_nonbuffered: (g=1): rw=read, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=psync, iodepth=1
rand_buffered: (g=2): rw=randread, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=psync, iodepth=1
rand_nonbuffered: (g=3): rw=randread, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=psync, iodepth=1
fio-3.39
Starting 4 processes
sequential_buffered: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=225892: Sun Apr 13 16:32:18 2025
read: IOPS=364k, BW=1422MiB/s (1491MB/s)(64.0MiB/45msec)
clat (nsec): min=414, max=244928, avg=2552.07, stdev=17447.08
lat (nsec): min=434, max=244948, avg=2573.40, stdev=17447.28
clat percentiles (nsec):
| 1.00th=[ 426], 5.00th=[ 434], 10.00th=[ 438], 20.00th=[ 446],
| 30.00th=[ 450], 40.00th=[ 454], 50.00th=[ 462], 60.00th=[ 474],
| 70.00th=[ 490], 80.00th=[ 506], 90.00th=[ 556], 95.00th=[ 652],
| 99.00th=[118272], 99.50th=[154624], 99.90th=[211968], 99.95th=[224256],
| 99.99th=[238592]
lat (nsec) : 500=77.34%, 750=19.23%, 1000=1.57%
lat (usec) : 2=0.21%, 4=0.06%, 10=0.01%, 20=0.01%, 50=0.12%
lat (usec) : 100=0.31%, 250=1.15%
cpu : usr=6.82%, sys=34.09%, ctx=246, majf=0, minf=8
IO depths : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=16384,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1
sequential_nonbuffered: (groupid=1, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=225893: Sun Apr 13 16:32:18 2025
read: IOPS=35.0k, BW=137MiB/s (143MB/s)(64.0MiB/468msec)
clat (usec): min=10, max=310, avg=28.03, stdev=24.76
lat (usec): min=10, max=310, avg=28.07, stdev=24.76
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 11], 5.00th=[ 13], 10.00th=[ 13], 20.00th=[ 13],
| 30.00th=[ 13], 40.00th=[ 13], 50.00th=[ 14], 60.00th=[ 16],
| 70.00th=[ 25], 80.00th=[ 64], 90.00th=[ 68], 95.00th=[ 73],
| 99.00th=[ 85], 99.50th=[ 122], 99.90th=[ 182], 99.95th=[ 194],
| 99.99th=[ 239]
lat (usec) : 20=65.66%, 50=11.58%, 100=22.11%, 250=0.65%, 500=0.01%
cpu : usr=2.36%, sys=5.35%, ctx=16388, majf=0, minf=8
IO depths : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=16384,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1
rand_buffered: (groupid=2, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=225899: Sun Apr 13 16:32:18 2025
read: IOPS=14.8k, BW=57.9MiB/s (60.7MB/s)(64.0MiB/1105msec)
clat (usec): min=11, max=740, avg=67.02, stdev=18.23
lat (usec): min=11, max=740, avg=67.06, stdev=18.23
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 12], 5.00th=[ 64], 10.00th=[ 65], 20.00th=[ 67],
| 30.00th=[ 67], 40.00th=[ 67], 50.00th=[ 68], 60.00th=[ 68],
| 70.00th=[ 72], 80.00th=[ 73], 90.00th=[ 74], 95.00th=[ 75],
| 99.00th=[ 92], 99.50th=[ 106], 99.90th=[ 351], 99.95th=[ 429],
| 99.99th=[ 586]
bw ( KiB/s): min=54936, max=58928, per=95.99%, avg=56932.00, stdev=2822.77, samples=2
iops : min=13734, max=14732, avg=14233.00, stdev=705.69, samples=2
lat (usec) : 20=4.00%, 50=0.02%, 100=95.34%, 250=0.51%, 500=0.12%
lat (usec) : 750=0.02%
cpu : usr=0.91%, sys=3.71%, ctx=16386, majf=0, minf=7
IO depths : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=16384,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1
rand_nonbuffered: (groupid=3, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=225901: Sun Apr 13 16:32:18 2025
read: IOPS=15.1k, BW=59.1MiB/s (62.0MB/s)(64.0MiB/1082msec)
clat (usec): min=10, max=161, avg=65.44, stdev=11.95
lat (usec): min=10, max=161, avg=65.48, stdev=11.95
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 11], 5.00th=[ 63], 10.00th=[ 64], 20.00th=[ 65],
| 30.00th=[ 65], 40.00th=[ 66], 50.00th=[ 67], 60.00th=[ 68],
| 70.00th=[ 71], 80.00th=[ 72], 90.00th=[ 73], 95.00th=[ 74],
| 99.00th=[ 86], 99.50th=[ 94], 99.90th=[ 112], 99.95th=[ 115],
| 99.99th=[ 153]
bw ( KiB/s): min=60152, max=60984, per=100.00%, avg=60568.00, stdev=588.31, samples=2
iops : min=15038, max=15246, avg=15142.00, stdev=147.08, samples=2
lat (usec) : 20=4.01%, 50=0.02%, 100=95.66%, 250=0.31%
cpu : usr=1.20%, sys=2.41%, ctx=16388, majf=0, minf=7
IO depths : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=16384,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1
Run status group 0 (all jobs):
READ: bw=1422MiB/s (1491MB/s), 1422MiB/s-1422MiB/s (1491MB/s-1491MB/s), io=64.0MiB (67.1MB), run=45-45msec
Run status group 1 (all jobs):
READ: bw=137MiB/s (143MB/s), 137MiB/s-137MiB/s (143MB/s-143MB/s), io=64.0MiB (67.1MB), run=468-468msec
Run status group 2 (all jobs):
READ: bw=57.9MiB/s (60.7MB/s), 57.9MiB/s-57.9MiB/s (60.7MB/s-60.7MB/s), io=64.0MiB (67.1MB), run=1105-1105msec
Run status group 3 (all jobs):
READ: bw=59.1MiB/s (62.0MB/s), 59.1MiB/s-59.1MiB/s (62.0MB/s-62.0MB/s), io=64.0MiB (67.1MB), run=1082-1082msec
Disk stats (read/write):
nvme1n1: ios=60308/601, sectors=612976/18856, merge=67/21, ticks=3076/2672, in_queue=5750, util=75.21%

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[global]
filename=/dev/nvme1n1
bs=1m
size=1g
rw=read
direct=1
stonewall
[job1]
offset=80%
[job2]
offset=60%
[job3]
offset=40%
[job4]
offset=20%
[job5]
offset=0

118
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job1: (g=0): rw=read, bs=(R) 1024KiB-1024KiB, (W) 1024KiB-1024KiB, (T) 1024KiB-1024KiB, ioengine=psync, iodepth=1
job2: (g=1): rw=read, bs=(R) 1024KiB-1024KiB, (W) 1024KiB-1024KiB, (T) 1024KiB-1024KiB, ioengine=psync, iodepth=1
job3: (g=2): rw=read, bs=(R) 1024KiB-1024KiB, (W) 1024KiB-1024KiB, (T) 1024KiB-1024KiB, ioengine=psync, iodepth=1
job4: (g=3): rw=read, bs=(R) 1024KiB-1024KiB, (W) 1024KiB-1024KiB, (T) 1024KiB-1024KiB, ioengine=psync, iodepth=1
job5: (g=4): rw=read, bs=(R) 1024KiB-1024KiB, (W) 1024KiB-1024KiB, (T) 1024KiB-1024KiB, ioengine=psync, iodepth=1
fio-3.39
Starting 5 processes
job1: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=307878: Mon Apr 14 07:49:52 2025
read: IOPS=2985, BW=2985MiB/s (3130MB/s)(1024MiB/343msec)
clat (usec): min=328, max=1158, avg=333.33, stdev=26.18
lat (usec): min=328, max=1158, avg=333.41, stdev=26.19
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 330], 5.00th=[ 330], 10.00th=[ 330], 20.00th=[ 330],
| 30.00th=[ 330], 40.00th=[ 330], 50.00th=[ 330], 60.00th=[ 334],
| 70.00th=[ 334], 80.00th=[ 334], 90.00th=[ 334], 95.00th=[ 338],
| 99.00th=[ 351], 99.50th=[ 371], 99.90th=[ 400], 99.95th=[ 1156],
| 99.99th=[ 1156]
lat (usec) : 500=99.90%
lat (msec) : 2=0.10%
cpu : usr=0.58%, sys=7.31%, ctx=1037, majf=0, minf=264
IO depths : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=1024,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1
job2: (groupid=1, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=307879: Mon Apr 14 07:49:52 2025
read: IOPS=2737, BW=2738MiB/s (2871MB/s)(1024MiB/374msec)
clat (usec): min=327, max=2373, avg=363.76, stdev=97.13
lat (usec): min=327, max=2373, avg=363.84, stdev=97.13
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 330], 5.00th=[ 330], 10.00th=[ 330], 20.00th=[ 330],
| 30.00th=[ 330], 40.00th=[ 330], 50.00th=[ 330], 60.00th=[ 334],
| 70.00th=[ 334], 80.00th=[ 343], 90.00th=[ 490], 95.00th=[ 515],
| 99.00th=[ 553], 99.50th=[ 586], 99.90th=[ 1500], 99.95th=[ 2376],
| 99.99th=[ 2376]
lat (usec) : 500=91.89%, 750=7.91%
lat (msec) : 2=0.10%, 4=0.10%
cpu : usr=0.27%, sys=6.97%, ctx=1024, majf=0, minf=264
IO depths : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=1024,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1
job3: (groupid=2, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=307880: Mon Apr 14 07:49:52 2025
read: IOPS=1996, BW=1996MiB/s (2093MB/s)(1024MiB/513msec)
clat (usec): min=330, max=1471, avg=499.92, stdev=66.04
lat (usec): min=330, max=1472, avg=500.01, stdev=66.05
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 334], 5.00th=[ 461], 10.00th=[ 469], 20.00th=[ 478],
| 30.00th=[ 486], 40.00th=[ 494], 50.00th=[ 498], 60.00th=[ 502],
| 70.00th=[ 510], 80.00th=[ 523], 90.00th=[ 537], 95.00th=[ 545],
| 99.00th=[ 652], 99.50th=[ 709], 99.90th=[ 1270], 99.95th=[ 1467],
| 99.99th=[ 1467]
lat (usec) : 500=53.81%, 750=45.70%, 1000=0.10%
lat (msec) : 2=0.39%
cpu : usr=0.78%, sys=4.49%, ctx=1025, majf=0, minf=262
IO depths : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=1024,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1
job4: (groupid=3, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=307881: Mon Apr 14 07:49:52 2025
read: IOPS=2000, BW=2000MiB/s (2097MB/s)(1024MiB/512msec)
clat (usec): min=337, max=1452, avg=499.02, stdev=39.01
lat (usec): min=338, max=1452, avg=499.10, stdev=39.01
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 461], 5.00th=[ 465], 10.00th=[ 469], 20.00th=[ 478],
| 30.00th=[ 486], 40.00th=[ 490], 50.00th=[ 498], 60.00th=[ 502],
| 70.00th=[ 506], 80.00th=[ 519], 90.00th=[ 537], 95.00th=[ 545],
| 99.00th=[ 570], 99.50th=[ 603], 99.90th=[ 644], 99.95th=[ 1450],
| 99.99th=[ 1450]
lat (usec) : 500=60.16%, 750=39.75%
lat (msec) : 2=0.10%
cpu : usr=0.00%, sys=5.28%, ctx=1024, majf=0, minf=262
IO depths : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=1024,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1
job5: (groupid=4, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=307882: Mon Apr 14 07:49:52 2025
read: IOPS=2000, BW=2000MiB/s (2097MB/s)(1024MiB/512msec)
clat (usec): min=369, max=1216, avg=499.36, stdev=33.86
lat (usec): min=369, max=1216, avg=499.45, stdev=33.87
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 429], 5.00th=[ 465], 10.00th=[ 469], 20.00th=[ 478],
| 30.00th=[ 486], 40.00th=[ 494], 50.00th=[ 498], 60.00th=[ 502],
| 70.00th=[ 506], 80.00th=[ 519], 90.00th=[ 537], 95.00th=[ 545],
| 99.00th=[ 553], 99.50th=[ 586], 99.90th=[ 627], 99.95th=[ 1221],
| 99.99th=[ 1221]
bw ( MiB/s): min= 2002, max= 2002, per=100.00%, avg=2002.00, stdev= 0.00, samples=1
iops : min= 2002, max= 2002, avg=2002.00, stdev= 0.00, samples=1
lat (usec) : 500=56.45%, 750=43.46%
lat (msec) : 2=0.10%
cpu : usr=0.00%, sys=5.09%, ctx=1025, majf=0, minf=264
IO depths : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=1024,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1
Run status group 0 (all jobs):
READ: bw=2985MiB/s (3130MB/s), 2985MiB/s-2985MiB/s (3130MB/s-3130MB/s), io=1024MiB (1074MB), run=343-343msec
Run status group 1 (all jobs):
READ: bw=2738MiB/s (2871MB/s), 2738MiB/s-2738MiB/s (2871MB/s-2871MB/s), io=1024MiB (1074MB), run=374-374msec
Run status group 2 (all jobs):
READ: bw=1996MiB/s (2093MB/s), 1996MiB/s-1996MiB/s (2093MB/s-2093MB/s), io=1024MiB (1074MB), run=513-513msec
Run status group 3 (all jobs):
READ: bw=2000MiB/s (2097MB/s), 2000MiB/s-2000MiB/s (2097MB/s-2097MB/s), io=1024MiB (1074MB), run=512-512msec
Run status group 4 (all jobs):
READ: bw=2000MiB/s (2097MB/s), 2000MiB/s-2000MiB/s (2097MB/s-2097MB/s), io=1024MiB (1074MB), run=512-512msec
Disk stats (read/write):
nvme1n1: ios=19144/231, sectors=9801728/7256, merge=0/4, ticks=6025/353, in_queue=6382, util=61.60%

30
q6/q6.fio Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
[global]
filename=/dev/nvme1n1
size=64m
rw=read
direct=1
stonewall
[1k_block]
bs=1k
[4k_block]
bs=4k
[1m_block]
bs=1m
[2m_block]
bs=2m
[4m_block]
bs=4m
[8m_block]
bs=8m
[16m_block]
bs=16m
[32m_block]
bs=32m

178
q6/q6.output Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
1k_block: (g=0): rw=read, bs=(R) 1024B-1024B, (W) 1024B-1024B, (T) 1024B-1024B, ioengine=psync, iodepth=1
4k_block: (g=1): rw=read, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=psync, iodepth=1
1m_block: (g=2): rw=read, bs=(R) 1024KiB-1024KiB, (W) 1024KiB-1024KiB, (T) 1024KiB-1024KiB, ioengine=psync, iodepth=1
2m_block: (g=3): rw=read, bs=(R) 2048KiB-2048KiB, (W) 2048KiB-2048KiB, (T) 2048KiB-2048KiB, ioengine=psync, iodepth=1
4m_block: (g=4): rw=read, bs=(R) 4096KiB-4096KiB, (W) 4096KiB-4096KiB, (T) 4096KiB-4096KiB, ioengine=psync, iodepth=1
8m_block: (g=5): rw=read, bs=(R) 8192KiB-8192KiB, (W) 8192KiB-8192KiB, (T) 8192KiB-8192KiB, ioengine=psync, iodepth=1
16m_block: (g=6): rw=read, bs=(R) 16.0MiB-16.0MiB, (W) 16.0MiB-16.0MiB, (T) 16.0MiB-16.0MiB, ioengine=psync, iodepth=1
32m_block: (g=7): rw=read, bs=(R) 32.0MiB-32.0MiB, (W) 32.0MiB-32.0MiB, (T) 32.0MiB-32.0MiB, ioengine=psync, iodepth=1
fio-3.39
Starting 8 processes
1k_block: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=310156: Mon Apr 14 08:12:27 2025
read: IOPS=61.9k, BW=60.5MiB/s (63.4MB/s)(64.0MiB/1058msec)
clat (usec): min=9, max=828, avg=15.88, stdev= 6.29
lat (usec): min=9, max=828, avg=15.92, stdev= 6.29
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 10], 5.00th=[ 15], 10.00th=[ 15], 20.00th=[ 15],
| 30.00th=[ 15], 40.00th=[ 15], 50.00th=[ 15], 60.00th=[ 16],
| 70.00th=[ 16], 80.00th=[ 17], 90.00th=[ 18], 95.00th=[ 24],
| 99.00th=[ 25], 99.50th=[ 25], 99.90th=[ 67], 99.95th=[ 137],
| 99.99th=[ 176]
bw ( KiB/s): min=62446, max=62446, per=100.00%, avg=62446.00, stdev= 0.00, samples=1
iops : min=62446, max=62446, avg=62446.00, stdev= 0.00, samples=1
lat (usec) : 10=3.78%, 20=89.12%, 50=6.87%, 100=0.15%, 250=0.07%
lat (usec) : 500=0.01%, 1000=0.01%
cpu : usr=3.12%, sys=8.33%, ctx=65539, majf=0, minf=9
IO depths : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=65536,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1
4k_block: (groupid=1, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=310157: Mon Apr 14 08:12:27 2025
read: IOPS=61.4k, BW=240MiB/s (251MB/s)(64.0MiB/267msec)
clat (usec): min=10, max=893, avg=15.99, stdev=11.09
lat (usec): min=10, max=893, avg=16.02, stdev=11.09
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 11], 5.00th=[ 12], 10.00th=[ 13], 20.00th=[ 13],
| 30.00th=[ 13], 40.00th=[ 13], 50.00th=[ 13], 60.00th=[ 13],
| 70.00th=[ 14], 80.00th=[ 15], 90.00th=[ 26], 95.00th=[ 38],
| 99.00th=[ 49], 99.50th=[ 50], 99.90th=[ 67], 99.95th=[ 133],
| 99.99th=[ 182]
lat (usec) : 20=83.81%, 50=15.75%, 100=0.38%, 250=0.05%, 1000=0.01%
cpu : usr=2.63%, sys=8.27%, ctx=16384, majf=0, minf=8
IO depths : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=16384,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1
1m_block: (groupid=2, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=310160: Mon Apr 14 08:12:27 2025
read: IOPS=2000, BW=2000MiB/s (2097MB/s)(64.0MiB/32msec)
clat (usec): min=372, max=1191, avg=494.23, stdev=91.47
lat (usec): min=372, max=1191, avg=494.31, stdev=91.49
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 371], 5.00th=[ 461], 10.00th=[ 461], 20.00th=[ 469],
| 30.00th=[ 474], 40.00th=[ 478], 50.00th=[ 482], 60.00th=[ 490],
| 70.00th=[ 494], 80.00th=[ 502], 90.00th=[ 515], 95.00th=[ 523],
| 99.00th=[ 1188], 99.50th=[ 1188], 99.90th=[ 1188], 99.95th=[ 1188],
| 99.99th=[ 1188]
lat (usec) : 500=79.69%, 750=18.75%
lat (msec) : 2=1.56%
cpu : usr=0.00%, sys=6.45%, ctx=64, majf=0, minf=262
IO depths : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=64,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1
2m_block: (groupid=3, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=310161: Mon Apr 14 08:12:27 2025
read: IOPS=1280, BW=2560MiB/s (2684MB/s)(64.0MiB/25msec)
clat (usec): min=642, max=979, avg=763.00, stdev=45.56
lat (usec): min=642, max=980, avg=763.10, stdev=45.58
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 644], 5.00th=[ 725], 10.00th=[ 750], 20.00th=[ 758],
| 30.00th=[ 758], 40.00th=[ 758], 50.00th=[ 758], 60.00th=[ 766],
| 70.00th=[ 766], 80.00th=[ 766], 90.00th=[ 766], 95.00th=[ 783],
| 99.00th=[ 979], 99.50th=[ 979], 99.90th=[ 979], 99.95th=[ 979],
| 99.99th=[ 979]
lat (usec) : 750=6.25%, 1000=93.75%
cpu : usr=0.00%, sys=4.17%, ctx=32, majf=0, minf=518
IO depths : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=32,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1
4m_block: (groupid=4, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=310162: Mon Apr 14 08:12:27 2025
read: IOPS=695, BW=2783MiB/s (2918MB/s)(64.0MiB/23msec)
clat (usec): min=1326, max=2065, avg=1403.20, stdev=176.93
lat (usec): min=1326, max=2065, avg=1403.32, stdev=177.04
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 1319], 5.00th=[ 1319], 10.00th=[ 1352], 20.00th=[ 1352],
| 30.00th=[ 1352], 40.00th=[ 1352], 50.00th=[ 1352], 60.00th=[ 1369],
| 70.00th=[ 1369], 80.00th=[ 1369], 90.00th=[ 1385], 95.00th=[ 2073],
| 99.00th=[ 2073], 99.50th=[ 2073], 99.90th=[ 2073], 99.95th=[ 2073],
| 99.99th=[ 2073]
lat (msec) : 2=93.75%, 4=6.25%
cpu : usr=0.00%, sys=4.55%, ctx=17, majf=0, minf=520
IO depths : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=16,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1
8m_block: (groupid=5, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=310163: Mon Apr 14 08:12:27 2025
read: IOPS=363, BW=2909MiB/s (3050MB/s)(64.0MiB/22msec)
clat (usec): min=2545, max=3297, avg=2648.25, stdev=262.22
lat (usec): min=2545, max=3297, avg=2648.38, stdev=262.28
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 2540], 5.00th=[ 2540], 10.00th=[ 2540], 20.00th=[ 2540],
| 30.00th=[ 2540], 40.00th=[ 2540], 50.00th=[ 2540], 60.00th=[ 2573],
| 70.00th=[ 2573], 80.00th=[ 2573], 90.00th=[ 3294], 95.00th=[ 3294],
| 99.00th=[ 3294], 99.50th=[ 3294], 99.90th=[ 3294], 99.95th=[ 3294],
| 99.99th=[ 3294]
lat (msec) : 4=100.00%
cpu : usr=4.76%, sys=0.00%, ctx=8, majf=0, minf=522
IO depths : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=8,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1
16m_block: (groupid=6, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=310164: Mon Apr 14 08:12:27 2025
read: IOPS=190, BW=3048MiB/s (3196MB/s)(64.0MiB/21msec)
clat (usec): min=4946, max=5717, avg=5146.10, stdev=380.86
lat (usec): min=4946, max=5717, avg=5146.43, stdev=380.85
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 4948], 5.00th=[ 4948], 10.00th=[ 4948], 20.00th=[ 4948],
| 30.00th=[ 4948], 40.00th=[ 4948], 50.00th=[ 4948], 60.00th=[ 4948],
| 70.00th=[ 4948], 80.00th=[ 5735], 90.00th=[ 5735], 95.00th=[ 5735],
| 99.00th=[ 5735], 99.50th=[ 5735], 99.90th=[ 5735], 99.95th=[ 5735],
| 99.99th=[ 5735]
lat (msec) : 10=100.00%
cpu : usr=0.00%, sys=5.00%, ctx=4, majf=0, minf=525
IO depths : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=4,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1
32m_block: (groupid=7, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=310165: Mon Apr 14 08:12:27 2025
read: IOPS=90, BW=2909MiB/s (3050MB/s)(64.0MiB/22msec)
clat (usec): min=10075, max=11211, avg=10643.69, stdev=803.40
lat (usec): min=10075, max=11212, avg=10643.99, stdev=803.39
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[10028], 5.00th=[10028], 10.00th=[10028], 20.00th=[10028],
| 30.00th=[10028], 40.00th=[10028], 50.00th=[10028], 60.00th=[11207],
| 70.00th=[11207], 80.00th=[11207], 90.00th=[11207], 95.00th=[11207],
| 99.00th=[11207], 99.50th=[11207], 99.90th=[11207], 99.95th=[11207],
| 99.99th=[11207]
lat (msec) : 20=100.00%
cpu : usr=0.00%, sys=9.52%, ctx=2, majf=0, minf=533
IO depths : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=2,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1
Run status group 0 (all jobs):
READ: bw=60.5MiB/s (63.4MB/s), 60.5MiB/s-60.5MiB/s (63.4MB/s-63.4MB/s), io=64.0MiB (67.1MB), run=1058-1058msec
Run status group 1 (all jobs):
READ: bw=240MiB/s (251MB/s), 240MiB/s-240MiB/s (251MB/s-251MB/s), io=64.0MiB (67.1MB), run=267-267msec
Run status group 2 (all jobs):
READ: bw=2000MiB/s (2097MB/s), 2000MiB/s-2000MiB/s (2097MB/s-2097MB/s), io=64.0MiB (67.1MB), run=32-32msec
Run status group 3 (all jobs):
READ: bw=2560MiB/s (2684MB/s), 2560MiB/s-2560MiB/s (2684MB/s-2684MB/s), io=64.0MiB (67.1MB), run=25-25msec
Run status group 4 (all jobs):
READ: bw=2783MiB/s (2918MB/s), 2783MiB/s-2783MiB/s (2918MB/s-2918MB/s), io=64.0MiB (67.1MB), run=23-23msec
Run status group 5 (all jobs):
READ: bw=2909MiB/s (3050MB/s), 2909MiB/s-2909MiB/s (3050MB/s-3050MB/s), io=64.0MiB (67.1MB), run=22-22msec
Run status group 6 (all jobs):
READ: bw=3048MiB/s (3196MB/s), 3048MiB/s-3048MiB/s (3196MB/s-3196MB/s), io=64.0MiB (67.1MB), run=21-21msec
Run status group 7 (all jobs):
READ: bw=2909MiB/s (3050MB/s), 2909MiB/s-2909MiB/s (3050MB/s-3050MB/s), io=64.0MiB (67.1MB), run=22-22msec
Disk stats (read/write):
nvme1n1: ios=71570/134, sectors=179344/4416, merge=0/3, ticks=948/104, in_queue=1053, util=62.66%

31
q7/q7.fio Normal file
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[global]
filename=/dev/nvme1n1
direct=1
size=1g
stonewall
rw=read
offset=80%
bs=8m
[psync]
ioengine=psync
[libaio]
ioengine=libaio
iodepth=1
[libaio-iod32]
ioengine=libaio
iodepth=32
[libaio-iod64]
ioengine=libaio
iodepth=64
[libaio-iod128]
ioengine=libaio
iodepth=128
[fastest]
ioengine=libaio

137
q7/q7.output Normal file
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psync: (g=0): rw=read, bs=(R) 8192KiB-8192KiB, (W) 8192KiB-8192KiB, (T) 8192KiB-8192KiB, ioengine=psync, iodepth=1
libaio: (g=1): rw=read, bs=(R) 8192KiB-8192KiB, (W) 8192KiB-8192KiB, (T) 8192KiB-8192KiB, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=1
libaio-iod32: (g=2): rw=read, bs=(R) 8192KiB-8192KiB, (W) 8192KiB-8192KiB, (T) 8192KiB-8192KiB, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=32
libaio-iod64: (g=3): rw=read, bs=(R) 8192KiB-8192KiB, (W) 8192KiB-8192KiB, (T) 8192KiB-8192KiB, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=64
libaio-iod128: (g=4): rw=read, bs=(R) 8192KiB-8192KiB, (W) 8192KiB-8192KiB, (T) 8192KiB-8192KiB, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=128
fastest: (g=5): rw=read, bs=(R) 8192KiB-8192KiB, (W) 8192KiB-8192KiB, (T) 8192KiB-8192KiB, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=1
fio-3.39
Starting 6 processes
psync: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=314338: Mon Apr 14 08:40:53 2025
read: IOPS=411, BW=3293MiB/s (3453MB/s)(1024MiB/311msec)
clat (usec): min=2412, max=3248, avg=2426.43, stdev=73.58
lat (usec): min=2412, max=3248, avg=2426.55, stdev=73.59
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 2409], 5.00th=[ 2409], 10.00th=[ 2409], 20.00th=[ 2409],
| 30.00th=[ 2409], 40.00th=[ 2409], 50.00th=[ 2409], 60.00th=[ 2409],
| 70.00th=[ 2409], 80.00th=[ 2409], 90.00th=[ 2442], 95.00th=[ 2442],
| 99.00th=[ 2442], 99.50th=[ 3261], 99.90th=[ 3261], 99.95th=[ 3261],
| 99.99th=[ 3261]
lat (msec) : 4=100.00%
cpu : usr=0.00%, sys=2.90%, ctx=130, majf=0, minf=522
IO depths : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=128,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1
libaio: (groupid=1, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=314339: Mon Apr 14 08:40:53 2025
read: IOPS=410, BW=3282MiB/s (3441MB/s)(1024MiB/312msec)
slat (usec): min=62, max=651, avg=75.86, stdev=53.47
clat (usec): min=2219, max=2586, avg=2352.36, stdev=25.94
lat (usec): min=2414, max=3238, avg=2428.22, stdev=72.91
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 2343], 5.00th=[ 2343], 10.00th=[ 2343], 20.00th=[ 2343],
| 30.00th=[ 2343], 40.00th=[ 2343], 50.00th=[ 2343], 60.00th=[ 2343],
| 70.00th=[ 2343], 80.00th=[ 2343], 90.00th=[ 2376], 95.00th=[ 2376],
| 99.00th=[ 2409], 99.50th=[ 2573], 99.90th=[ 2573], 99.95th=[ 2573],
| 99.99th=[ 2573]
lat (msec) : 4=100.00%
cpu : usr=0.00%, sys=2.89%, ctx=131, majf=0, minf=522
IO depths : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=128,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1
libaio-iod32: (groupid=2, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=314340: Mon Apr 14 08:40:53 2025
read: IOPS=418, BW=3346MiB/s (3509MB/s)(1024MiB/306msec)
slat (usec): min=48, max=597, avg=500.10, stdev=162.08
clat (msec): min=11, max=146, avg=73.69, stdev=30.45
lat (msec): min=11, max=147, avg=74.19, stdev=30.48
clat percentiles (msec):
| 1.00th=[ 12], 5.00th=[ 15], 10.00th=[ 27], 20.00th=[ 52],
| 30.00th=[ 77], 40.00th=[ 77], 50.00th=[ 77], 60.00th=[ 77],
| 70.00th=[ 77], 80.00th=[ 88], 90.00th=[ 120], 95.00th=[ 133],
| 99.00th=[ 144], 99.50th=[ 148], 99.90th=[ 148], 99.95th=[ 148],
| 99.99th=[ 148]
lat (msec) : 20=7.03%, 50=12.50%, 100=64.84%, 250=15.62%
cpu : usr=0.00%, sys=5.90%, ctx=177, majf=0, minf=136
IO depths : 1=0.8%, 2=1.6%, 4=3.1%, 8=6.2%, 16=12.5%, 32=75.8%, >=64=0.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=99.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=1.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=128,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=32
libaio-iod64: (groupid=3, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=314341: Mon Apr 14 08:40:53 2025
read: IOPS=418, BW=3346MiB/s (3509MB/s)(1024MiB/306msec)
slat (usec): min=49, max=7156, avg=1794.84, stdev=2134.18
clat (msec): min=18, max=263, avg=138.99, stdev=70.33
lat (msec): min=19, max=266, avg=140.78, stdev=70.87
clat percentiles (msec):
| 1.00th=[ 35], 5.00th=[ 60], 10.00th=[ 62], 20.00th=[ 66],
| 30.00th=[ 79], 40.00th=[ 100], 50.00th=[ 129], 60.00th=[ 155],
| 70.00th=[ 186], 80.00th=[ 232], 90.00th=[ 236], 95.00th=[ 249],
| 99.00th=[ 262], 99.50th=[ 264], 99.90th=[ 264], 99.95th=[ 264],
| 99.99th=[ 264]
lat (msec) : 20=0.78%, 50=1.56%, 100=39.06%, 250=53.91%, 500=4.69%
cpu : usr=0.00%, sys=10.49%, ctx=221, majf=0, minf=265
IO depths : 1=0.8%, 2=1.6%, 4=3.1%, 8=6.2%, 16=12.5%, 32=25.0%, >=64=50.8%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=98.5%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=1.5%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=128,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=64
libaio-iod128: (groupid=4, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=314344: Mon Apr 14 08:40:53 2025
read: IOPS=418, BW=3346MiB/s (3509MB/s)(1024MiB/306msec)
slat (usec): min=371, max=7565, avg=1792.97, stdev=2067.63
clat (msec): min=76, max=304, avg=231.90, stdev=60.80
lat (msec): min=82, max=305, avg=233.69, stdev=59.54
clat percentiles (msec):
| 1.00th=[ 83], 5.00th=[ 104], 10.00th=[ 132], 20.00th=[ 197],
| 30.00th=[ 215], 40.00th=[ 220], 50.00th=[ 226], 60.00th=[ 255],
| 70.00th=[ 284], 80.00th=[ 296], 90.00th=[ 300], 95.00th=[ 305],
| 99.00th=[ 305], 99.50th=[ 305], 99.90th=[ 305], 99.95th=[ 305],
| 99.99th=[ 305]
lat (msec) : 100=3.91%, 250=54.69%, 500=41.41%
cpu : usr=0.00%, sys=17.38%, ctx=198, majf=0, minf=522
IO depths : 1=0.8%, 2=1.6%, 4=3.1%, 8=6.2%, 16=12.5%, 32=25.0%, >=64=50.8%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=50.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=50.0%
issued rwts: total=128,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=128
fastest: (groupid=5, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=314345: Mon Apr 14 08:40:53 2025
read: IOPS=411, BW=3293MiB/s (3453MB/s)(1024MiB/311msec)
slat (usec): min=60, max=630, avg=72.57, stdev=51.51
clat (usec): min=2214, max=2634, avg=2353.93, stdev=29.25
lat (usec): min=2413, max=3265, avg=2426.50, stdev=75.19
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 2311], 5.00th=[ 2343], 10.00th=[ 2343], 20.00th=[ 2343],
| 30.00th=[ 2343], 40.00th=[ 2343], 50.00th=[ 2343], 60.00th=[ 2343],
| 70.00th=[ 2343], 80.00th=[ 2343], 90.00th=[ 2376], 95.00th=[ 2376],
| 99.00th=[ 2442], 99.50th=[ 2638], 99.90th=[ 2638], 99.95th=[ 2638],
| 99.99th=[ 2638]
lat (msec) : 4=100.00%
cpu : usr=0.00%, sys=2.90%, ctx=128, majf=0, minf=522
IO depths : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=128,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1
Run status group 0 (all jobs):
READ: bw=3293MiB/s (3453MB/s), 3293MiB/s-3293MiB/s (3453MB/s-3453MB/s), io=1024MiB (1074MB), run=311-311msec
Run status group 1 (all jobs):
READ: bw=3282MiB/s (3441MB/s), 3282MiB/s-3282MiB/s (3441MB/s-3441MB/s), io=1024MiB (1074MB), run=312-312msec
Run status group 2 (all jobs):
READ: bw=3346MiB/s (3509MB/s), 3346MiB/s-3346MiB/s (3509MB/s-3509MB/s), io=1024MiB (1074MB), run=306-306msec
Run status group 3 (all jobs):
READ: bw=3346MiB/s (3509MB/s), 3346MiB/s-3346MiB/s (3509MB/s-3509MB/s), io=1024MiB (1074MB), run=306-306msec
Run status group 4 (all jobs):
READ: bw=3346MiB/s (3509MB/s), 3346MiB/s-3346MiB/s (3509MB/s-3509MB/s), io=1024MiB (1074MB), run=306-306msec
Run status group 5 (all jobs):
READ: bw=3293MiB/s (3453MB/s), 3293MiB/s-3293MiB/s (3453MB/s-3453MB/s), io=1024MiB (1074MB), run=311-311msec
Disk stats (read/write):
nvme1n1: ios=22560/1, sectors=11454960/176, merge=128/0, ticks=940215/0, in_queue=940215, util=51.56%

9
run.sh Executable file
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#!/usr/bin/env -S bash
JOBS=$(find . -type f -name '*.fio')
for job in ${JOBS[@]}; do
output="$(sed -rn 's/(.*)\.fio/\1.output/p' <<< "$job")"
echo "Running $job, writing result into $output"
sudo $(which fio) "$job" > "$output"
done